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Citations
Chapter 2 – Science
[292] Proverbs 27:22 NIV
[293] Article: "Tide."
New Millennium
Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster, 1999.
"The moon, being much nearer to the earth
than the sun, is the principal cause of
tides."
[294] Article: "Amazon."
New Millennium
Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster, 1999.
"During new and full moon a tidal bore, or
wave front from the ocean, sweeps some 650
km (more than 400 mi) upstream [in the
Amazon River] at speeds in excess of 65
km/hr (40 mph). This phenomenon, known as
pororoca, often causes waves up to 5 m (16
ft) in height."
[295] Textbook: An Introduction to The
World's Oceans. By Alyn C. Duxbury & Alison
Duxbury. Addison-Wesley, 1984. Pages
244-245:
The most common generating force for water
waves is the moving air, or wind. As the
wind blows across a smooth water surface,
the friction (or drag) between the air and
water tends to stretch the surface,
resulting in wrinkles; surface tension acts
on these wrinkles to restore a smooth
surface. The wind and the surface tension
create small waves, called ripples, or
capillary waves (see Fig. 8.1). …
When the wind blows, energy is transferred
to the water over large areas for varying
lengths of time. A surface of capillary
waves is rougher than a smooth water
surface, and it is easier for the wind to
grip the roughened water surface and add
energy. There is increased frictional drag
between the air and the water. As the wind
energy is increased, the oscillations of the
water surface become larger, and the
restoring force changes from surface tension
to gravity (see Fig. 8.2).
Page 258:
A deep water wave at last begins to approach
the shore and shallow water. … The wave
begins to "feel" the bottom, which acts to
reduce the forward speed of the wave.
Page 265:
Breakers are formed in the surf zone because
the water particle motion at depth is
affected by the bottom and is slowed down.
However, the orbit speed of water particles
near the crest of the wave is not slowed as
much, and so these particles move faster
toward the shore than the wave form itself.
This relationship results in the breaking of
the wave.
NOTE: This is the actual textbook for the
course I took in college.
[296] Article: "Waves."
Encyclopædia
Britannica, 2002. Volume 12.
[297] Web page: "Back to School Statistics
for 2009." National Center for Education
Statistics, United States Department of
Education. Accessed August 26, 2009 at
http://nces.ed.gov/FastFacts/display.asp?id=372
"Current expenditures for public elementary
and secondary schools will be about $543
billion for the 2009−10 school year. The
national average current expenditure per
student is projected at $10,844, up from
$9,683 in actual expenditures in 2006−07
(source and source)."
CALCULATION: $10,844/student × 13 years =
$140,972/student for 13 years of K-12
education.
[298] Psalms 107:25 (New King James Version)
[299] Job 26:7 (New King James Version)
[300] 1 Samuel 2:8
[301] Book: Word Biblical Commentary: 1
Samuel. By Ralph W. Klein. Word Books, 1983.
The comment section on 1 Samuel 2:8 states:
"The major difficulty with our
interpretation is the word 'pillars'.... The
meaning of the word, in our judgment, is not
certain…."
[302] The New King James Version uses
"pillars."
The New International Version uses
"foundations."
Young's Literal Translation uses "fixtures."
[303] Book: The Anchor Bible: I Samuel. By
P. Kyle McCarter, Jr. Doubleday, 1980. Page
72.
[304] Book: Word Biblical Commentary: 1
Samuel. By Ralph W. Klein. Word Books, 1983.
The comment section on 1 Samuel 2:8 states:
"Lexicographers derive it from the word קּרּצּ,
equate that with קּצּיּ, meaning 'pour out,'
and construe it as some sort of cast metal
pillar."
[305] Book: The Anchor Bible: I Samuel. By
P. Kyle McCarter, Jr. Doubleday, 1980. Page
73:
These … are the great rivers of the
underworld. … The verbal root of māsûq is
sûq from common yāsaq, "pour out." The
English nouns "narrows, straits" referring
to bodies of water are semantically
comparable. The "straits of the earth" in
Israelite tradition were also the
swift-running waters where men were judged,
and this is the context in which the
succeeding bicolon is to be understood….
[306] Book: The Expositor's Bible
Commentary: 1 Samuel. By Ronald F.
Youngblood. The section on 1 Samuel 2
states:
Although 1 Samuel 2:1-10 is a prayer … it is
commonly referred to as the "Song of Hannah"
because of its lyrical qualities and
similarities to other OT [Old Testament]
hymns…. Willis has shown that the Song of
Hannah is a royal song of victory/triumph
that is to be classified among other ancient
hymns listed above…. In terms of poetic
style, all contain repetitive parallelism in
both bicola and tricola, exhibit a staccato
effect, and tend to repeat important words
in sequence.
[307] Ancient Work: Dialogue on the Great
World Systems. By Galileo Galilei. Published
in 1632. Translated by Thomas Salusbury.
Revised and introduced by Giorgio de
Santillana. University of Chicago Press,
1953.
The introduction (page xlvii) quotes from
the Catholic Church's ruling against
Galileo. It declares he is "vehemently
suspected of heresy, namely of having
believed and held the doctrine—which is
false and contrary to the sacred and divine
Scriptures—that the Sun is the center of the
world and does not move from east to west,
and that the Earth moves and is not the
center of the world…."
[308] Psalm 19:5-6 (New King James Version)
[309] Book: Discoveries and Opinions of
Galileo. Translated with an introduction and
notes by Stillman Drake. Doubleday Anchor
Books, 1957.
Page 12: "Early in the sixteenth century the
Polish astronomer Copernicus … suggested
placing the sun at or near the center of the
heavens and giving the earth an orbit
equivalent to that which had previously been
assigned to the sun."
Page 159 quotes from a letter written by a
friend of Galileo's and states:
If things are fixed according to the
Copernican system, [he said], it does not
appear presently that they would have any
greater obstacle in the Bible than the
passage [the sun] exults as a strong man to
run his course, etc., which all expositors
up to now have understood by attributing
motion to the sun.
[310] Book: Kepler. By Max Caspar.
Translated and edited by C. Doris Hellman.
Abelard-Schuman, 1959.
Regarding "the intellectual situation
towards the close of the sixteenth century,"
page 18 states:
The authority of Aristotle, who since the
peak of scholasticism had reigned over the
both the philosophical and the physical
domain, had in manner been intensified, so
that it was believed that finding and
demonstrating the truth called for and
demanded supporting a thesis with citations
from the philosopher.
[311] Article: "Jesuits."
New Millennium
Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster, 1999.
[The Jesuits were a] religious order of men
in the Roman Catholic church…. Its members
took leading parts in the Counter
Reformation…. For 150 years they were the
leaders in European education; by 1640 they
had more than 500 colleges throughout
Europe…. The education of Jesuits in the
period of the Counter Reformation was
designed to strengthen Roman Catholicism
against Protestant expansion.
[312] Article: "Counter Reformation."
New
Millennium Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster,
1999.
"[A] movement within the Roman Catholic
church in the 16th and 17th centuries that
sought to revitalize the church and to
oppose Protestantism."
[313] Ancient Work: On the Heavens. By
Aristotle. Published in 350 B.C. Translated
by J. L. Stocks in The Works of Aristotle
Translated Into English. Clarendon Press,
1922.
http://grtbooks.com/exitfram.asp?idx=0&yr=...
Book 2, Part 14: "It is clear, then, that
the earth must be at the centre and
immovable…."
Book 2, Part 4: "The shape of the heaven is
of necessity spherical…. Again, since the
whole [heaven] revolves, palpably and by
assumption, in a circle…."
[314] Ancient Work: Dialogue on the Great
World Systems. By Galileo Galilei. Published
in 1632. Translated by Thomas Salusbury.
Revised and introduced by Giorgio de
Santillana. University of Chicago Press,
1953. The introduction (page xxxix) states:
What had actually happened began to be
apparent. The Jesuits, who were coming to be
the General Staff of the Roman Church, had
shown the Pope that under the rhetorical
mask the argument was a compelling plea for
the Copernican system, which threatened the
whole educational system they had
reorganized and tightened for the
Counter-Reformation. They pointed out, in
fact, that Galileo might be more dangerous
for the traditional ideas "than Luther and
Calvin themselves." Since they had built up
the educational system around Aristotle,
they had good reason to say so.
[315] Book: Discoveries and Opinions of
Galileo. Translated with an introduction and
notes by Stillman Drake. Doubleday Anchor
Books, 1957.
Pages 226-227 explain that Galileo was
attacked in a book written by a Jesuit named
Grassi:
Galileo's friends were unanimous in urging
him not to let this book go by unanswered,
for it contained many serious and unjust
accusations. But fearing the consequences of
a frontal attack upon the powerful Jesuits,
they counseled him to reply in some indirect
way. Accordingly Galileo wrote his reply in
the form of a letter to a friend. … The
result was the greatest polemic ever written
in physical science. It was called The
Assayer….
[316] Article: "Galileo."
New Millennium
Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster, 1999.
"Since the full publication of Galileo's
trial documents in the 1870s, entire
responsibility for Galileo's condemnation
has customarily been placed on the Roman
Catholic church. This conceals the role of
the philosophy professors who first
persuaded theologians to link Galileo's
science with heresy."
[317] Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina.
Written in 1615 by Galileo Galilei.
Translated in the book:
Discoveries and
Opinions of Galileo. By Stillman Drake.
Doubleday Anchor Books, 1957. Page 206.
[318] Proverbs 17:22a (New King James
Version)
[319] Study: "Emotional Style and
Susceptibility to the Common Cold." By
Sheldon Cohen and others. Journal of
Psychosomatic Medicine, July/August 2003.
http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/cgi/content/abstract/65/4/652
NOTE: The 60% figure comes from Figure 1.
The 2.9 figure comes from this quote: "For
both viruses, increased positive emotional
style (PES) was associated (in a
dose-response manner) with lower risk of
developing a cold. This relationship was
maintained after controlling for
prechallenge virus-specific antibody,
virus-type, age, sex, education, race, body
mass, and season (adjusted relative risk
comparing lowest-to-highest tertile = 2.9)."
[320] Article: "Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)."
Prepared by the Natural Standard® Patient
Monograph, May 1, 2006.
http://mayoclinic.com/health/vitamin-c/NS_patient-vitaminC
[321] Proverbs 17:22b (New King James
Version)
[322] This is reinforced by the fact that
the phrase, "the bones," is translated from
the Hebrew word "gerem," which can also be
translated as "strength." [Dictionary and
Word Search: "gerem" (Strong's 1634). Blue
Letter Bible. Accessed September 2, 2009 at
http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H1634&t=KJV]
[323] Study: "Psychological stress and
susceptibility to the common cold." By S
Cohen, DA Tyrrell, and AP Smith. New England
Journal of Medicine, August 29, 1991.
http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/325/9/606
[324] Study: "A fundamental bimodal role for neuropeptide Y1 receptor in the immune
system." By Julie Wheway, Charles R. Mackay,
Rebecca A. Newton, Amanda Sainsbury, Dana
Boey, Herbert Herzog, and Fabienne Mackay.
Journal of Experimental Medicine, December
5, 2005.
http://www.jem.org/cgi/content/abstract/202/11/1527
[325] Matthew 10:27-28 [Jesus speaking]:
"And fear not them which kill the body, but
are not able to kill the soul: but rather
fear him which is able to destroy both soul
and body in hell."
[326] Study: "Near-death experience in
survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective
study in the Netherlands." By Pim van Lommel
and others. The Lancet, December 15, 2001.
Pages 2039-2045.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/...
"Some people who have survived a
life-threatening crisis report an
extraordinary experience. Near-death
experience (NDE) occurs with increasing
frequency because of improved survival rates
resulting from modern techniques of
resuscitation."
NOTE: In this study, 344 patients
resuscitated at ten Dutch hospitals were
interviewed. Of these, 62 patients reported
experiences such as moving through a tunnel,
communication with light, meeting deceased
people, etc.
[327] Correspondence: "Near-death
experiences." By John M. Evans. The Lancet,
June 15, 2002. Page 2116.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/...
"Many of van Lommel and colleagues' patients
received a similar cocktail of drugs during
resuscitation. I suggest that their
patients' near-death experiences were simply
an episode of consciousness modulated by
drugs, hypoxia, hypercarbia, or other
physiological stressors."
[328] 2 Chronicles 33:6: "[H]e observed
times, and used enchantments, and used
witchcraft, and dealt with a familiar
spirit, and with wizards: he wrought much
evil in the sight of the LORD, to provoke
him to anger."
Isaiah 47:13: "Thou art wearied in the
multitude of thy counsels. Let now the
astrologers, the stargazers, the monthly
prognosticators, stand up, and save thee
from these things that shall come upon
thee."
Micah 5:12: "And I will cut off witchcrafts
out of thine hand; and thou shalt have no
more soothsayers…."
Malachi 3:5: "And I will come near to you to
judgment; and I will be a swift witness
against the sorcerers, and against the
adulterers, and against false swearers, and
against those that oppress the hireling in
his wages…."
NOTE: These are only a few of the many
passages throughout the Bible that condemn
these practices.
[329] Study: "Near-death experience in
survivors of cardiac arrest: a prospective
study in the Netherlands." By Pim van Lommel
and others. The Lancet, December 15, 2001.
Pages 2039-2045.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/...
NOTE: This study contains a copy of the
nurse's written description of the incident.
In correspondence with the author, he added
that the researchers "talked a lot with the
nurse, and with the patient, and verified a
lot of the details the patient had been
talking about." These details were reported
in a 1991 paper published in a journal of
the Netherlands Heart Foundation called
Cordiaal.
[330] Book: Warmth Disperses and Time
Passes: The History of Heat. By Hans
Christian von Baeyer. Modern Library, 1999.
Page 129.
NOTE: The letter was dated March 15, 1955,
and Einstein died on April 18, 1955.
[331] Article: "Belief in God 'childish,'
Jews not chosen people: Einstein letter."
Agence France-Presse, May 13, 2008.
http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=...
Quoting a January 3, 1954 letter written by
Einstein in German: "The word God is for me
nothing more than the expression and product
of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection
of honourable, but still primitive legends
which are nevertheless pretty childish."
[332] Exodus 14:21-22: "And Moses stretched
out his hand over the sea; and the LORD
caused the sea to go back by a strong east
wind all that night, and made the sea dry
land, and the waters were divided. And the
children of Israel went into the midst of
the sea upon the dry ground: and the waters
were a wall unto them on their right hand,
and on their left."
Matthew 14:25-26: "And in the fourth watch
of the night Jesus went unto them, walking
on the sea. And when the disciples saw him
walking on the sea, they were troubled,
saying, It is a spirit; and they cried out
for fear."
Matthew 28:5-10:
And the angel answered and said unto the
women, Fear not ye: for I know that ye seek
Jesus, which was crucified. He is not here:
for he is risen, as he said. Come, see the
place where the Lord lay. And go quickly,
and tell his disciples that he is risen from
the dead; and, behold, he goeth before you
into Galilee; there shall ye see him: lo, I
have told you. And they departed quickly
from the sepulchre with fear and great joy;
and did run to bring his disciples word. And
as they went to tell his disciples, behold,
Jesus met them, saying, All hail. And they
came and held him by the feet, and
worshipped him. Then said Jesus unto them,
Be not afraid: go tell my brethren that they
go into Galilee, and there shall they see
me.
[333] Entry: "miracle."
Merriam-Webster's
Collegiate Dictionary, Encyclopædia
Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite 2004.
"[A]n extraordinary occurrence that
surpasses all known human powers or natural
forces."
[334] Book: A Treatise on the Law of
Evidence. By Simon Greenleaf. Little, Brown
and Company, Volume 1, Third edition, 1846.
First published in 1842. Section 8.
NOTE: Biographical details about Simon
Greenleaf are located on page 97 of Rational
Conclusions.
[335] Article: "Parents cling to hope for
'Jane Doe'." By Marney Rich Keenan.
Detroit News, October 14, 2003.
http://detnews.com/
[336] Article: "'Jane Doe' Beats Odds,
Awakens from Coma." By Marney Rich Keenan.
Detroit News, February 10, 2004.
http://detnews.com/
[337] Article: "Science or Miracle? Holiday
Season Survey Reveals Physicians' Views of
Faith, Prayer and Miracles." Business Wire,
December 20, 2004.
http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/...
[338] I first became aware of this example
through the following article: "The
Bethsaida Miracle." By D. Keith Mano.
National Review, Apr 21, 1997.
[339] Mark 8:22b-24
[340] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. Pages
114-115:
But when Virgil opened his eye, after being
blind for forty-five years—having had little
more than an infant's visual experience, and
this long forgotten—there were no visual
memories to support a perception; there was
no world of experience and meaning awaiting
him. He saw, but what he saw had no
coherence. His retina and optic nerve were
active, transmitting impulses, but his brain
could not make sense of them….
NOTE: Dr. Sacks is a neurologist who
specializes in adaptation to neurological
disorders.
[341] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
Virgil told me later that in this first
moment [of sight] he had no idea what he was
seeing. There was light, there was movement,
there was color, all mixed up, all
meaningless, a blur. Then out the blur came
a voice that said, "Well?" Then, and only
then, he said, did he finally realize that
this chaos of light and shadow was a
face—and, indeed, the face of his surgeon.
His experience was virtually identical to
that of Gregory's patient S.B., who was
accidentally blinded in infancy, and
received a corneal transplant in his
fifties:
[W]hen the bandages were removed … [h]e
heard a voice coming from in front of him
and to one side: he turned to the source of
the sound, and saw a "blur." He realized
that this must be a face…. He seemed to
think that he would not have known that this
was a face if he had not previously heard
the voice and known that voices came from
faces.
[342] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. Page
123.
[343] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
Page 109: "Amy, who began keeping a journal
the day after the operation—the day the
bandages were removed—wrote in her initial
entry: "Virgil can SEE! … (Entire office in
tears, first time Virgil has sight in forty
years….)"
[344] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. Page
121:
Now, five weeks after his surgery…. Virgil's
cat and dog bounded in to greet and check
us—and Virgil, we noted, had some difficulty
telling which was which. This comic and
embarrassing problem had persisted since he
returned home from surgery: both animals, as
it happened, were black and white, and he
kept confusing them—to their annoyance—until
he could touch them, too.
[345] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
Page 115: "With the cataract out, Virgil was
able to see colors and movements, to see
(but not identify) large objects and shapes,
and, astonishingly, to read some letters on
the third line of the standard Snellen eye
chart—the line corresponding to a visual
acuity of about 20/100 or a little better."
[346] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
Page 129: "Gregory's patient S.B. could not
recognize individual faces, or their
expressions, a year after his eyes had been
operated on, despite perfectly normal
elementary vision."
[347] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
Page 124: "Many—or perhaps all—patients in
Virgil's situation had had similar
difficulties."
Page 128: "All newly sighted subjects,
indeed, have radical difficulties with
appearances, finding themselves suddenly
plunged into a world that, for them, may be
a chaos of continually shifting, unstable,
evanescent appearances."
[348] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995. Page
130:
Mindful of Virgil's passion for listening to
baseball games, we found a channel with a
game in progress. It seemed at first as if
he were following it visually, because he
could describe who was batting, what was
going on. But as soon as we turned off the
sound he was lost. It became evident that he
himself perceived little beyond streaks of
light and colors and motions, and that all
the rest (what he seemed to see) was
interpretation, performed swiftly, and
perhaps unconsciously, in consonance with
the sound.
[349] Book: An Anthropologist on Mars. By
Oliver Sacks. Alfred A. Knopf, 1995.
Page 129: "Moving objects presented a
special problem, for their appearance
changed constantly. Even his dog, he told
me, looked so different at different times
that he wondered if it was the same dog."
[350] Mark 8:24-25
[351] Mark 1:1: "The beginning of the gospel
of Jesus Christ, the Son of God…."
Mark 15:39: "And when the centurion, which
stood over against him, saw that he so cried
out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly
this man was the Son of God."
[352] This was the name given to a high
school physics lecture by one of my favorite
teachers, Mr. Batz. In it, he expounded upon
the immensity of the universe and the
astonishing phenomena we find within it,
such as black holes. He accepted the Big
Bang theory, but wondered what may have
occurred in the split second beforehand.
[353] Book: Our Cosmic Habitat. By Martin
Rees. Princeton University Press, 2001.
Page 180: "Newton was perhaps the greatest
scientific intellect of the second
millennium."
[354] Book: The Riddle of Gravitation. By
Peter G. Bergmann. Revised and updated
version. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1987. Page
5:
It is almost impossible for us to do full
justice to the genius of Newton. He was able
to develop Kepler's laws into a
comprehensive physical theory only because
he managed to first create the necessary
mathematical tools: Newton "invented"
differential and integral calculus, the
basic mathematical techniques required for
dealing with variable quantities, such as
the movements of bodies in the course of
time.
[355] Book: Books That Changed the World. By
Robert Bingham Downs. Signet Classic, 2004.
First published in 1956.
Page 203: "Lagrange, famous mathematician,
asserted that Newton was the greatest genius
who ever lived."
[356] Book: The Refrigerator and the
Universe: Understanding the Laws of Energy.
By Martin Goldstein and Inge F. Goldstein.
Harvard University Press, 1993.
Page 19: [Newton's laws of motion have]
"been described as the greatest single
advance in human knowledge ever made."
[357] Book: Albert Einstein: Ideas and
Opinions. Introduced by Alan Lightman. Based
on Mein Weltbild, edited by Carl Seelig and
other sources. Modern Library, 1994.
Page 292 (Quoting Einstein on November 9,
1930): "In order to put his system into
mathematical form at all, Newton had to
devise the concept of differential quotients
and propound the laws of motion in the form
of total differential equations—perhaps the
greatest advance in thought that a single
individual was ever privileged to make."
[358] Article: "Newton, Sir Isaac."
New
Millennium Encyclopedia. Simon & Schuster,
1999.
[359] Book: Newton's Scientific and
Philosophical Legacy. Edited by P.B.
Scheurer and G. Debrock. Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1988. Page 81: "Newton's
Biblical Theology and his Theological
Physics." By Richard H. Popkin.
"Newton wrote on religion and theology from
his college days down to the end of his
life. Almost half of the pages that he
physically wrote, most still unpublished,
deal with explicating the Bible,
interpreting it, and developing a theory of
Scriptural and natural revelation."
[360] Book: Newton's Philosophy of Nature:
Selections from His Writings. Edited and
arranged with notes by H. S. Thayer. Hafner
Press, 1953. Page 66.
[361] Book: Newton's Philosophy of Nature:
Selections from His Writings. Edited and
arranged with notes by H. S. Thayer. Hafner
Press, 1953. Pages 47-9.
[362] Book: Newton's Philosophy of Nature:
Selections from His Writings. Edited and
arranged with notes by H. S. Thayer. Hafner
Press, 1953.
[363] Book: Books That Changed the World. By
Robert Bingham Downs. Signet Classic, 2004.
First published in 1956.
Page 203: "Laplace, a brilliant French
astronomer, termed the Principia 'pre-eminent above any other production of
human genius.' … Boltzmann, a pioneer of
modern mathematical physics, called the
Principia the first and greatest work ever
written on theoretical physics.'"
[364] Book: The Correspondence of Isaac
Newton. Volume 3 of 7. Edited by H. W.
Turnbull. Cambridge University Press, 1961.
Page 233 (written December 10, 1692): "When
I wrote my treatise about our Systeme I had
an eye upon such Principles as might work
wth considering men for the beliefe of a
Deity & nothing can rejoyce me more then to
find it usefull for that purpose."
[365] Article: "Maxwell, James Clerk."
Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference
Suite 2004.
"[Maxwell] is ranked with Sir Isaac Newton
and Albert Einstein for the fundamental
nature of his contributions."
[366] Book: The Man who Changed Everything:
The Life of James Clerk Maxwell. By Basil
Mahon. Wiley, 2003. Pages 2-3:
Maxwell would be among the world's greatest
scientists even if he had never set to work
on electricity and magnetism. He introduced
statistical methods into physics; now they
are used as a matter of course. He
demonstrated the principle by which we see
colors and took the world's first color
photograph. His whimsical creation,
Maxwell's demon, was the first effective
scientific thought experiment, a technique
Einstein later made his own. … [It]
stimulated the creation of information
theory, which underpins our communications
and computing. He wrote a paper on automated
control systems many years before anyone
else gave thought to the subject; it became
the foundation of modern control theory and
cybernetics. He designed the Cavendish
laboratory and, as its founding director
started a brilliant revival of Cambridge's
scientific tradition…. He showed how to use
polarized light to reveal strain patterns in
a structure and invented a neat and powerful
graphical method for calculating the forces
in any framework; both techniques became
standard engineering practice.
NOTE: Pages 176-85 expound upon these
contributions.
[367] Article: "Scot's winning formula
trumps Einstein." By Alastair Jamieson &
Mike Maceacheran. The Scotsman, October 14,
2004.
It doesn't mean much to those of us without
a degree in physics, but a formula devised
by a Scottish scientist has been voted the
best of all time by a group of experts -
beating calculations by Albert Einstein and
Isaac Newton. … Martin Durrani, deputy
editor of Physics World, said: "Maxwell was
one of the greatest scientists who have ever
lived."
[368] Article: "Scot's winning formula
trumps Einstein." By Alastair Jamieson &
Mike Maceacheran. The Scotsman, October 14,
2004.
[369] Book: Communications: An Internal
History of the Formative Years. By Russell
W. Burns. The Institution of Engineering and
Technology, 2004. Page 253.
[370] Book: The Man who Changed Everything:
The Life of James Clerk Maxwell. By Basil
Mahon. Wiley, 2003.
Page 2: "As another great physicist, Max
Planck, put it, the [Maxwell's] theory must
be numbered among the greatest of all
intellectual achievements."
[371] Book: The Man who Changed Everything:
The Life of James Clerk Maxwell. By Basil
Mahon. Wiley, 2003. Page 1.
[372] Book: The Man who Changed Everything:
The Life of James Clerk Maxwell. By Basil
Mahon. Wiley, 2003. Pages 184-5.
[373] Book: Littell's Living Age. Fifth
series, Volume 47. Littell and Company,
1883.
Page 784.
NOTE: The article on Maxwell (771f) is a
reprint from the London Quarterly Review.
[374] Book: The Life of James Clerk Maxwell.
By Lewis Campbell and William Garnett. First
published in 1882. With a new preface and
appendix with letters by Robert H. Kargon.
Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1969. Page 225.
NOTE: This quote appears in an essay written
in 1853 for the Apostle's Club at Cambridge
University entitled, "What is the Nature of
Evidence of Design?" That the "design" he is
referring to is the handiwork of God is
evidenced by the essay's content and the
alternative title he gave to it: "Ought the
Discovery of a Plurality of Intelligent
Creators to weaken our Belief in an Ultimate
First Cause?"
[375] Book: The Life of James Clerk Maxwell.
By Lewis Campbell and William Garnett. First
published in 1882. With a new preface and
appendix with letters by Robert H. Kargon.
Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1969. Pages
309-10 (in a letter dated May 6, 1858).
[376] Book: The Life of James Clerk Maxwell.
By Lewis Campbell and William Garnett. First
published in 1882. With a new preface and
appendix with letters by Robert H. Kargon.
Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1969. Page 339
(in a letter dated June 23, 1864).
[377] Book: The Life of James Clerk Maxwell.
By Lewis Campbell and William Garnett. First
published in 1882. With a new preface and
appendix with letters by Robert H. Kargon.
Johnson Reprint Corporation, 1969. Page 158
(in a letter dated November 9, 1851).
[378] Book: The Scientific Letters and
Papers of James Clerk Maxwell. Volume 3.
Edited by P.M. Harman. Cambridge University
Press, 2002. Page 418 (in a letter dated
November 22, 1876):
But I should be very sorry if an
interpretation founded on a most conjectural
scientific hypothesis were to get fastened
to the text in Genesis… The rate of change
of scientific hypothesis is naturally much
more rapid than that of Biblical
interpretations, so that if an
interpretation is founded on such a
hypothesis, it may help to keep the
hypothesis above ground long after it ought
to be buried and forgotten.
At the same time I think that each
individual man should do all he can to
impress his own mind with the extent, the
order, and the unity of the universe, and
should carry these ideas with him as he
reads such passages as [Colossians 1], just
as enlarged conceptions of the extent and
unity of the world of life may be of service
to us in reading [Psalms 8, Hebrews 2:6],
etc.
[379] Book: George Washington Carver: The
Man Who Overcame." By Lawrence Elliot.
Prentice-Hall, 1966. Pages 2, 22-23, 227.
[380] Book: George Washington Carver: The
Man Who Overcame." By Lawrence Elliot.
Prentice-Hall, 1966.
Page 209 states that he developed 105 foods
and 200 other products made from peanuts. He
also developed 118 products from sweet
potatoes.
Page 207: "He would continue to make
momentous contributions in an astonishingly
broad spectrum of human knowledge—agronomy,
nutrition, chemistry, genetics, mycology,
plant pathology—but more and more his
interests turned to the creation of useful
materials from the waste products of
agriculture and industry."
[381] Book: George Washington Carver: The
Man Who Overcame." By Lawrence Elliot.
Prentice-Hall, 1966. Page 209.
[382] Book: George Washington Carver: The
Man Who Overcame." By Lawrence Elliot.
Prentice-Hall, 1966. Pages 158-159, 84.
[383] Book: George Washington Carver: His
Life & Faith in His Own Words. By William J.
Federer. Amerisearch, 2002. Page 72 (in a
letter dated February 24, 1930).
[384] Book: George Washington Carver: His
Life & Faith in His Own Words. By William J.
Federer. Amerisearch, 2002. Page 73 (in a
letter dated February 24, 1930).
[385] Article: "William Thomson, Baron
Kelvin." Britannica Concise, 2007.
http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9369038
[386] Book: Mother Nature's Two Laws:
Ringmasters for Circus Earth. Lessons on
Entropy, Energy, Critical Thinking, and the
Practice of Science. By A.D. Kirwan, Jr.
World Scientific, 2000. Page 3.
[387] Article: "Kelvin, William Thomson,
Baron." Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate
Reference Suite 2004.
[388] Book: The Nature of the Physical
World. By. Arthur Eddington. MacMilllan,
1929.
Page 74: "The law that entropy always
increases—the second law of thermodynamics—
holds, I think, the supreme position among
the laws of Nature. If … your pet theory of
the universe…is found to be against the
second law of thermodynamics, I can give you
no hope; there is nothing for it but to
collapse in deepest humiliation."
[389] Article: "Lord Kelvin. By Silvanus P.
Thompson. International Electrotechnical
Commission, 2007.
http://www.iec.ch/about/history/articles/lkbio-e.htm
The letter is dated August 6th, 1855.
[390] Book: Kelvin the Man. By Agnes Gardner
King. Hodder and Stoughton, 1925.
Page 28 (quoting Kelvin): "If you think strongly enough, you
will be forced by Science to a belief in
God, which is the foundation of all
religion."
[391] Book: Christian Apologetics: A Series
of Addresses Delivered Before the Christian
Association of University College London. By
Henry Wace and Others. E. P. Dutton and Co.,
1903. Pages 1, 24-26 (citing a speech by
Kelvin on May 1st, 1903):
Science positively affirms Creative Power. …
We only know God in His works, but we are
absolutely forced by science to believe with
perfect confidence in a Directive Power—in
an influence other than physical, or
dynamical, or electrical forces. … If you
think strongly enough you will be forced by
science to the belief in God, which is the
foundation of all religion.
[392] Article: "Pasteur, Louis."
Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference
Suite 2004.
"[Pasteur's] contributions were among the
most varied and valuable in the history of
science and industry. It was he who proved
that microorganisms cause fermentation and
disease; he who originated and was the first
to use vaccines for rabies, anthrax, and
chicken cholera…."
[393] Web page: "Louis Pasteur." The
Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian
Academy of Medical Sciences.
http://www.iemrams.spb.ru:8100/english/pasteur.htm
This page refers to Pasteur as "the greatest
biologist of the nineteenth century" and
states: "Pasteur's contribution to science
is enormous. His studies started several new
branches of medicine, chemistry and biology:
stereochemistry, microbiology, virology,
immunology, bacteriology, vaccination and
pasteurization."
[394] Book: The Life of Pasteur. By René
Vallery-Radot. Translated from the French by
R. L. Devonshire. Doubleday, 1919.
Page 148 (quoting Pasteur): "Science, which
brings man nearer to God."
[395] Article: "Boyle, Robert."
World Book
Encyclopedia, 2007 Deluxe Edition.
[396] Article: "Boyle, Robert."
Encyclopædia
Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite 2004.
[397] Book: Robert Boyle: A Study in Science
and Christian Belief. By R. Hooykaas.
Written in 1943. Translated by H. Van Dyke.
University Press of America, 1997.
Page 20: "Boyle is also the first chemist of
importance to be at the same time
significant for physics; he was the first to
practice chemistry consciously as a
"science" rather than as an "art." … Thanks
to Boyle, chemistry became, as it were, and
official science and emerged from the
obscurity of laboratories into the full
light of day."
[398] Work: The Christian Virtuoso, I. By
Robert Boyle, 1690-1. In The Works of Robert
Boyle. Edited by Michael Hunter and Edward
B. Davis. Volume 11 of 14. Pickering & Chatto, 2000.
NOTE: I have modernized some of the
spelling, capitalization, and punctuation in
the quotes.
[399] Work: The Christian Virtuoso, I. By
Robert Boyle, 1690-1. In The Works of Robert
Boyle. Edited by Michael Hunter and Edward
B. Davis. Volume 11 of 14. Pickering & Chatto, 2000. Page 296.
[400] Work: The Christian Virtuoso, I. By
Robert Boyle, 1690-1. In The Works of Robert
Boyle. Edited by Michael Hunter and Edward
B. Davis. Volume 11 of 14. Pickering & Chatto, 2000. Page 295.
[401] Article: "Kepler, Johannes."
Webster's
Biographical Dictionary. Simon & Schuster,
1999.
"[Kepler is considered the] founder of
modern optics by his postulation of the ray
theory of light to explain vision."
[402] Book: Matter and Man. By Mikhail Vasilyev & Kirill Stanyukovich. University
Press of the Pacific, 2000. Page 65.
[403] Article: "Kepler, Johannes."
Encyclopedia Americana. Scholastic Library
Publishing, 2004.
"[Kepler] placed astronomy on modern
foundations through his lifelong work on the
planetary orbits…."
[404] Book: Johannes Kepler: Life and
Letters. By Carola Baumgardt. With an
introduction by Albert Einstein. Victor
Gollancz Ltd., 1952. Page 17.
[405] Book: The Quest for Unity: The
Adventure of Physics. By Étienne Klein &
Marc Lachiéze-Rey. Translated by Axel
Reisinger. Oxford University Press, 1999.
Page 18: "Some of his successors, notably
Galileo and Newton, are often hailed as the
founders of modern science. But their own
achievements depended critically on Kepler's
genius."
[406] Book: Johannes Kepler: Life and
Letters. By Carola Baumgardt. With an
introduction by Albert Einstein. Victor
Gollancz Ltd., 1952.
NOTE: Proof of this statement is evident
throughout this book.
[407] Book: Kepler. By Max Caspar.
Translated and edited by C. Doris Hellman.
Abelard-Schuman, 1959.
Page 374: "All of its own accord at every
opportunity the name of God crosses his
lips…."
[408] Book: Johannes Kepler: Life and
Letters. By Carola Baumgardt. With an
introduction by Albert Einstein. Victor
Gollancz Ltd., 1952. Page 57 (December 16,
1598).
[409] Book: Johannes Kepler: Life and
Letters. By Carola Baumgardt. With an
introduction by Albert Einstein. Victor
Gollancz Ltd., 1952. Pages 31-33.
[410] Book: Johannes Kepler: Life and
Letters. By Carola Baumgardt. With an
introduction by Albert Einstein. Victor
Gollancz Ltd., 1952. Page 129 (in the year
1619).
[411] Web page: "Creation Scientists and
other Biographies of Interest." Answers in
Genesis, 2008.
http://www.answersingenesis.org/Home/Area/bios/
[412] Third Letter on Sunspots. From Galileo
Galilei to Mark Welser, 1612. Translated in
the book: Discoveries and Opinions of
Galileo. Translated with an introduction and
notes by Stillman Drake. Doubleday Anchor
Books, 1957. Page 134.
[413] Article: "The Geophysics of God." By
Chandler Burr. U.S. News & World Report,
June 16, 1997. Pages 55-58.
[414] Article: "An Interview with Dr John
Baumgardner." The Lookout, February 8, 1998.
http://www.rae.org/believe.html
[415] "Interview with French scientist Dr
André Eggen." By Ken Ham. Creation Ex
Nihilo, September–November 1998.
http://creation.com/french-creation
[416] Book: On the Seventh Day: Forty
Scientists and Academics Explain Why They
Believe in God. Edited by John F. Ashton.
Master Books, 2002. Pages 267-272.
[417] Web page: "Drug Sensitivity Testing --
Information Sheet for Patients." Bath Cancer
Research. Modified November 2, 2008.
http://www.caltri.org/patients.htm
"Individualized tumor response tests for
other NHS patients will generally cost
£395.00 [≈ $800] to test the sensitivity to
20+ cytotoxic drugs."
[418] Book: On the Seventh Day: Forty
Scientists and Academics Explain Why They
Believe in God. Edited by John F. Ashton.
Master Books, 2002. Pages 270.
[419] Ancient Work: Dialogue on the Great
World Systems. By Galileo Galilei. Published
in 1632. Translated by Thomas Salusbury.
Revised and introduced by Giorgio de
Santillana. University of Chicago Press,
1953.
The introduction states: "He was a man of
the Renaissance, and a Christian of the old
persuasion, to whom all this new-fangled
apparatus of thought police and propaganda
brought about by the Counter-Reformation
made little sense."
[420] Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina.
Written in 1615 by Galileo Galilei.
Translated in the book: Discoveries and
Opinions of Galileo. By Stillman Drake.
Doubleday Anchor Books, 1957. Page 181. |
